辽宁省东部地区野生柳蚕的生物学特性及人工试养初报

A Preliminary Report on Biological Characteristics and Domestication of Wild Actias selene ningpoana Felder in Eastern Region of Liaoning Province

柳蚕(Actias selene ningpoana Felder)属鳞翅目大蚕蛾科,是一种珍贵的泌丝昆虫资源。通过野外观察及室内、外人工饲育的方法,研究了辽宁省东部地区分布野生柳蚕4个发育阶段的形态特征,并查明了其主要生活习性:在野外自然环境条件下年生1代,经人工驯养1年可完成2个世代,以蛹滞育越冬;幼虫食性杂,喜食榛(Corylus heterophylla)、旱柳(Salix matsu-dana)、胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)等的树叶;幼虫期4眠5个龄期,少见5眠6个龄期,全龄经过27～41 d,因取食不同树种的树叶其龄期经过有差异。对野生柳蚕的人工试养结果表明:19～23℃、RH 75%～85%为暖卵最适温度和湿度;在室内自然温度(19～26℃)、湿度(RH 60%～75%)和光照条件下,以榛叶饲养的幼虫全龄发育历期最短(34.6 d),收蚁结茧率可达45%,显著高于野外人工饲养;饲养过程中须注意对软化病、白僵病以及寄生蝇和寄生蜂等病虫害的防控。

Belonging to family Saturniidae of Lepidoptera,Actias selene ningpoana Felder is one of the precious silk spinning insect resources.The author conducted thorough study on morphological characters of four developmental stages of wild Actias selene ningpoana Felder and on its life habit in eastern region of Liaoning Province by means of field observation,indoor and outdoor artificial rearing.Actias selene ningpoana Felder reproduces one generation per year under outdoor natural condition.After domestication,it can complete two generations per year under artificial rearing condition.It passes winter in the form of diapause pupa.Its larvae are highly polyphagous,with leaves of Corylus heterophylla,Salix babylonica,and Juglans mandshurica as its preferred food.The larvae molt 4 times with 5 instars.Molting 5 times with 6 instars are occasionally observed.The whole larval stage lasts 27 to 41 d.Its larval duration varies with different food plants on which the larvae feed.According to the result of artificial rearing,the optimum temperature and relative humidity for incubation is 19~23 ℃ and 75%~85% respectively.Under indoor natural temperature（19~26 ℃）,humidity（RH 60%~75%） and illumination condition,the larvae feeding solely on Corylus heterophylla leaves have the shortest duration（34.6 d） with cocooning rate as high as 45%,which is significantly higher than that of out-door artificially reared ones.During rearing,attentions should be paid on control of diseases and pests such as flacherie,white muscardine,Uzi fly and Apanteles.