理论突破与机制创新:英国金融消费者保护的晚近发展及其启示

Theoretical Breakthrough and Institutional Innovation: Recent Development of Financial Consumer Protection in the UK and Its Reference to China

英国的金融消费者保护制度以其综合监管体制和"大一统"的金融消费者概念为基础,特征鲜明。新近通过的《2012年金融服务法》废弃了FSA统领下的单一监管体制,代之以PRA和FCA的审慎监管和行为监管的"准双峰"模式,并将金融消费者保护的主导职责赋予了FCA。金融消费者保护制度方面的具体发展包括澄清和扩展金融消费者的概念和范围,建立消费者团体超级申诉机制,修改金融业准入门槛条件,以及强化金融监管主管部门与金融消费者专门机构之间的监管协调。从中可以看出,金融消费者的概念和范围与金融监管体制密切相关,监管协调机制对于金融消费者保护不可或缺,金融消费者团体申诉机制大有可为。

The financial consumer protection system regulation system and a somewhat ＂ unified＂ concept Financial Services Act 2012 makes a breakthrough in the of the UK, founded on its integrated financial of financial consumer, is quite unique. The definition and scope of the concept of financial consumer, and meanwhile replaces the single-regulator （FSA） model with a quasi- ＂twin-peak＂ model, where two new regulators-PRA and FCA - will be in charge of prudential regulation and conduct regulation, respectively. The primary responsibility for financial consumer protection is placed on FCA. Institutional innovation in financial consumer protection includes the establishment of the ＂ super- complaint＂ mechanism, the modification of the threshold conditions of the financial industry, and the enhancement of coordination between financial regulators and financial consumer protection services. It can be seen from these new developments that the definition and scope of financial consumer is closely correlated with the financial regulatory system, that effective regulatory coordination is indispensable for financial consumer protection, and that financial consumer collective complaint mechanism is of great use.