基于多种方法的景观格局动态变化综合分析——以辽宁省铁岭市为例

A comprehensive analysis of landscape pattern dynamic change based on multi-methods:A case study of Tieling City,Liaoning Province of Northeast China

景观格局变化一直是景观生态学研究的核心问题之一,也是相关生态和环境过程研究的基础。本文应用3S技术,综合传统的空间统计分析、转移矩阵、景观指数和景观动态指数、Kappa指数系列,并引入模糊Kappa指数方法,以铁岭市2002—2011年间景观格局变化为例进行了综合研究。结果表明:铁岭市景观空间格局在研究时段内发生一定程度的变化。旱地面积大幅增加,水田面积明显减少,各景观类型之间均有相互转化。景观格局总体的变化趋势是形状趋于复杂、异质性增加、破碎化加剧,人为干扰的影响较明显。研究区域2002—2007年综合景观动态度指数明显高于2007—2011年,景观动态总体呈现放缓趋势。通过Kappa指数系列可知,研究时段内研究区景观变化由景观类型之间变化为主逐渐转变为各类斑块位置上的变化为主。应用多种方法进行综合分析更能全面有效地反映景观格局变化。

Landscape dynamics is one of the core areas in landscape ecology study, and also, the basis of relevant ecological and environmental researches. In this paper, the changes of the landscape pattern in Tieling City of Liaoning Province in 2002-2011 were comprehensively studied by using traditional spatial statistical analysis, transition matrix, landscape metrics, landscape dynamic index, and Kappa coefficient series method based on 3S technology. During the study period, the landscape pattern in the City changed in a certain degree. The upland area increased substantially, while the paddy field area reduced markedly. The landscapes of different categories kept changing. Overall, the shape of the landscape patches tended to be more complex. The landscape pattern became heterogeneous, and the landscape fragmentation tended to be intensified. Human activities affected the landscape pattern obviously. The comprehensive landscape dynamic index from 2002 to 2007 was significantly higher than that from 2007 to 2011, which showed a slowdown trend of landscape dynamics. The results of Kappa index series showed that the landscape pattern change was gradually transformed from the change of landscape categories into the change of position. It was suggested that a combined application of multi-methods could reflect the dynamic change of landscape pattern more comprehensively and effectively.