森林生态系统服务功能价值评估研究进展与趋势

Research advances and trends in forest ecosystem services value evaluation

森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的主体,在全球生态系统中发挥着极为重要的作用。森林生态系统服务功能价值评估涉及到多个学科领域,是当前生态经济学和环境经济学的研究热点。如何对其服务功能价值进行评估,建立一套全球统一、具有可操作性的评估标准和指标体系,已成为当前迫切需要解决的问题。由于生态系统本身的复杂性和评估的局限性,目前尚难准确评估生态系统服务功能价值。首先,本文阐述了森林生态系统服务功能的概念,回顾了近年来国内外森林生态系统服务功能价值评估的研究进展,列举了评估历史上一些重要的研究工作者及事件。其次,详细介绍了森林生态系统服务功能价值基于市场理论的实际市场法、替代市场法和虚拟市场法3类评估方法及具体计算方法,重点分析了能有效解决生态服务功能动态评估问题的InVEST、MIMES、CITYgreen、SoIVES、GUMBO等国外一些生态模型的优缺点。最后,在总结当前评估方法研究的基础上,提出了未来森林生态系统服务功能价值评估的方向是模型化、精准化、服务功能过程及形成机制的研究、服务功能向服务的转化率。

As the main body of terrestrial ecosystem, forest ecosystem plays an important role in global ecosystem. The valuation of forest ecosystem services integrates different aspects of several subjects, and has become one of the hotspots in present ecological economics and environmental economics study. How to evaluate forest ecosystem services value and to establish a globally unified and feasible evaluation standard and index system become the urgent issues in the present time. However, it is difficult to accurately evaluate the ecosystem services value because of the complexity of ecosystem and the limitations of value research. This paper described the concept of forest ecosystem services, reviewed the research progress of forest ecosystem services value evaluation at home and abroad, and listed some important research workers and events in the history of the evaluation. In addition, the evaluation methods and the concrete calculation methods for the forest ecosystem services value based on the market theory of the actual market approach, substitution market approach, and virtual market approach were introduced in detail. In order to effectively solve the problems in ecosystem services dynamic evaluation, this paper also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of some abroad ecological models, including InVEST, MIMES, CITYgreen, SoIVES, and GUMBO. Finally, on the basis of summarizing the current evaluation methods, the directions for future forest ecosystem services value evaluation were put forward, i.e., modeling of evaluation, precision of evaluation, processes and formation mechanisms, and conversion rate of functions to services.