果实生态学的概念、研究现状及研究方向

Fruit ecology:Its concepts,research advances,and research perspectives

总结了果实生态学的概念及主要研究内容,对国内外的果实生态学研究领域的进展进行了综述,分析了这些研究尚存在的不足之处,并指出了未来研究的科学问题。迄今为止,果实生态学在果实与种子的关系、果实颜色与环境、果实化学成分与环境、群落果实构成式样的地理分布特征、果实及食果动物的协同进化等方面已经取得了若干进展。果实重量谱等物理性状的空间分异格局及机理、果实化学成分的时空变异格局、果实类型的组成式样及大尺度地理分布格局及其机制的探讨、果实传播与食果动物的协同进化等是未来亟待开展的工作。

This paper introduced the concepts and main research contents of fruit ecology, summarized the related research advances, analyzed the shortcomings and gaps of the extant researches, and pointed out the future research perspectives. So far, some advances have been made in the correlativity between seed and fruit, fruit color and environment, fruit chemical components and environment, and fruit physical properties and geographic distribution pattern, and the coevolution between fruits and frugivores. However, following scientific issues need a further focus in the future： 1） the spatial differentiation patterns and their mechanisms of fruit physical traits such as mass spectrum and seed number per fruit, 2） the spatial variations and their mechanisms of fruit chemical components, and 3） the large scale geographical distribution patterns of fruit type composition modes and fruit type diversity and their environmental adaptation explanation, and the coevolution between fruit spread and frugivores.