室温铝二次电池及其关键材料

Ambient Temperature Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries and Their Key Materials

金属铝是一种很高的能量载体,是开发电池的理想电极材料。由于铝在二次电池中的应用体系主要集中在高温熔盐铝二次电池,其熔盐电解质需要高温,对环境要求苛刻,成本较高难于维护,限制了铝二次电池的发展。近年来,室温离子液体作为二次电池的电解液的研究,使得室温铝二次电池的开发与应用成为可能,人们开始研究基于离子液体电解液的室温有机熔盐二次电池,采用铝或者嵌铝化合物作为电极材料,离子液体作为电解液,与传统的二次电池相比具有很多优点。本文介绍了近年来室温铝二次电池相关的研究和应用新进展,包括金属铝负极的优化和铝枝晶的抑制,可嵌脱铝负极材料的设计,可用于铝二次电池的过渡金属氧化物和导电聚合物正极材料及其性能,以及电解液的要求和离子液体作电解液的优势,并指出了可能存在的问题以及相应的解决办法。

Aluminum is a high energy carrier and an ideal electrode material for batteries. At present, the application of aluminum in rechargeable batteries are mainly high temperature molten salt batteries, all these rechargeable aluminum batteries use molten salt electrolyte, which must work at high temperature. The use of high temperature molten salt electrolyte limited the development of rechargeable aluminum batteries. Recently, researchers begin to use ambient temperature ionic liquids as electrolyte of rechargeable aluminum batteries, which can prevent the formation of oxide films on the aluminum surface as well as eliminate H2 evolution. This new battery system working at mild condition, which adopts aluminum or aluminum intercalation compounds as electrodes and ionic liquids as electrolytes, has many advantages compared to conventional rechargeable batteries. This paper introduces related researches and applications of ambient temperature rechargeable aluminum batteries in recent years, including the optimizing of aluminum anode and inhibition of dendrite, the design of aluminum anode materials that can intercalate and release aluminum ion, the performance of polymer cathode materials and transition metal oxide cathode materials, the request of electrolytes, and advantages of ionic liquid used as electrolyte. Furthermore, possible existent problems and corresponding solutions are proposed.