人格判断的准确性:特质特性的作用

The Accuracy of Personality Judgment: The Effects of Trait Properties

特质特性是影响人格判断准确性的重要调节变量。已有的研究表明,可观察性高的特质容易判断,判断的准确性和一致性也更高;特质的可评估性干扰了自我知觉的准确性,与中性特质相比,可评估性特质的自我—他人一致性更低;与清晰特质相比,模糊特质的自我—同伴判断间的一致性更低,且随特质模糊性的增加而递减。不仅如此,特质特性经常与其他因素如熟悉度交互作用于人格判断的准确性,在考查特质特性的作用时,必须提高研究的生态效度,将该变量与特性匹配、特质分类、个体差异及文化差异等因素综合起来考虑。

The properties of traits are important moderator variables which influence the accuracy of personality judgment. The previous researches have showed that the higher observability the traits are, the easier be judged, and the higher accuracy and agreement they have. The evaluativeness of traits interfere the accuracy of self-perception. Comparing with the neutral traits, the self-other agreement of evaluativeness traits is lower; Comparing with unambiguous traits, the self-peer inter-judgment agreement is lower in ambiguous traits, and this is reducing with the increasing of traits ambiguous gradually. Furthermore, the properties of traits often interact on the accuracy of personality judgment with other factors, such as acquaintanceship. When examining the effects of traits properties on the personality judgment accuracy, we must take the ecological validity of experimental research into account, as well as integrate it with the matching of trait properties, types and contents of traits, the individual differences, and the cultural differences and so on.