全球海域波浪能资源储量分析

Wave Energy Resource Storage Assessment in Global Ocean

利用1957-2002年ECMWF的ERA-40 wave reanalysis海浪再分析资料,初次计算了全球海域波浪能资源的总储量和有效储量,为海浪发电、海水淡化等波浪能资源开发利用提供科学依据。研究发现:①全球大部分海域的年平均波浪能流密度在10kW/m以上,高值区位于南北半球西风带,呈东西带状分布,南半球西风带的能流密度能达到(60～100)kW/m,北半球西风带约(30～50)kW/m;②全球大部分海域的波浪能资源开发可用波高出现频率在90%以上,南大洋可用波高出现频率整体高于北大洋,大洋中部出现频率高于近岸海域,大洋东部近岸出现频率高于大洋西部近岸;③全球海域的波浪能资源储量可观,总储量的高值区位于南北半球西风带海域,南半球西风带海域的单位面积波浪能资源总储量基本都在50万kW/(h·m)左右,北半球西风带海域基本在(30～50)万kW/(h·m),中低纬海域在(5～30)万kW/(h·m),仅部分零星海域的总储量在5万kW/(h·m)以下,有效储量的分布特征与总储量分布特征较为一致;④综合能流密度的大小、可用波高出现频率、资源储量来看,中国海虽然并不处于全球波浪能资源的优势区域,但仍处于可用区域,相对富集区分布于南海北部、东海中南部海域。

Wave energy density in global oceans was calculated using ERA-40 wave reanalysis data from August 1957 to July 2002 obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Our aim was to describe total storage and effective storage of wave energy resources in global oceans and provide guidance for wave power plant location selection,and seawater desalination. We found that annual average wave energy density in the oceans is above 10 kW/m. Wave energy density in the western belts of the Southern Hemisphere were as high as （60～ 100）kW/m. Wave energy density in the western belts of the Northern Hemisphere were （30～50）kW/ m. Frequency of effective significant wave height in exploitation of wave energy resources is high, of above 90% in most of global ocean. The frequency of effective significant wave height in the southern ocean is higher than that in the northern ocean;higher in the ocean than coastal waters; and higher in eastern coastal waters than western coastal waters. The total storage of wave energy is 500 000 kW/ （ h·m ）in the Southern Hemisphere west belt,（300 000 ～ 500 000） kW/ （ h·m ）in the Northern Hemisphere west belt,and （50 000～300 000） kW/ （ h·m ）in the middle and low latitude waters;only some scatter waters is below 50 000 kW/ （ h·m ）. Last,although the China Sea is not located in an area of rich wave energy it is still usable.