亚洲入境旅游流地理分布及网络结构特征分析

Distribution of Asian Inbound Tourist Flows and Structural Characteristics

亚洲入境旅游市场是中国最重要的入境旅游市场,研究亚洲各国入境中国的旅游流在全国的分布和流动规律对于巩固和拓展亚洲入境旅游市场具有重要的现实意义。本文应用社会网络分析方法,分析了亚洲各国入境中国的旅游流的空间分布、转移及网络结构特征,并对旅游目的地城市在网络中的位置特征、网络关系互惠性、子群内外部联系等进行了定量研究。结果显示:①亚洲入境中国的游客中以男性为主,散客居多,青少年比例较高,受教育程度集中在大学及以上学历,同时具有重访率高、停留时间长、选择相同的城市出入境等特点;②亚洲入境旅游流在空间分布上呈现"东密西疏"的格局,存在明显的区域集群现象,集群内目的地城市间旅游流联系更紧密,集群间旅游流对长三角和珠三角集群的依赖性较高;亚洲入境旅游流在中国的转移方向和转移规模均具有不平衡性,全国性的转移与区域性的转移同时存在;③亚洲入境旅游流网络密度低,结构松散。根据旅游目的地的网络位置指标值,将网络节点划分为核心、重要、一般3种类型;④亚洲入境旅游流网络关系互惠性较低,旅游流双向流通能力弱。本研究从整体和宏观联系的视角单独对亚洲入境中国的外国旅游流进行定量研究,是对中国入境旅游流研究的精细化,具有重要的学术价值。

The Asian inbound tourism market is the most important inbound tourism market in China. By using social network analysis methods, we analyzed the geographical distribution of inbound Asian tourist flows, structural characteristics of this network in China, characteristics of individual node position, reciprocity of network, and the connection degree within or among subgroups. We found that most Asian inbound tourists are young men, individual travelers, have college degrees, have higher rates of revisit, long stay duration and select the same city to enter and depart from China. The pattern of geographical distribution of inbound Asian tourist flows is unbalanced and mainly distributed in eastern China. Most tourist flows are concentrated on a few destination cities and form several regional clusters. Tourist flow relationships between cities within the clusters are more than that among different clusters, at the same time, the tourist flows among different clusters resort to the Yangtze River Delta / Pearl River Delta to transmit. National transfer and regional transfer co-exist at the same time. The Asian inbound tourist flows network has a low density and low compact degree. Based on the directionality of flows and the indicators of nodes, destination cities are classified into three types： central nodes, important nodes and normal nodes. The central nodes are polarized into comprehensive nodes, diffusion nodes and concentration nodes. Network reciprocity is low, which means the bi-directional flow ability of Asian tourist flows is small.