猪场生物发酵床垫料卫生研究

Research on hygiene of piggery bio-fermentation litter

通过选择有3个采用发酵床养猪模式的猪场,采集不同使用年限、不同深度及饲养不同阶段猪舍的发酵床垫料,通过测定水分、总N、总P、可溶性盐、黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、枯草芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌数目、Cu和Zn含量(全重金属及有效态重金属)评估垫料的卫生学状况。并将垫料与土壤以不同比例混合,研究对植物生长及Cu、Zn在植株中残留影响。研究表明,发酵床垫料随着深度增加,垫料的水分含量逐渐降低,温度逐渐升高,大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌数量减少。随着发酵床使用年限的延长,总N随垫料使用时间延长而变低,而总P含量随时间延长而增加,但变化均不显著(P>0.05);Cu、Zn、Pb、可溶性盐含量都呈现显著的增加(P<0.05)。在1年、2年、3年期的垫料中AFB1均有检出,含量均小于10μg/kg。种植实验结果显示,土壤添加垫料后,Cu、Zn含量随着添加比例增加而增加,植物中残留量随着垫料添加比例的增加而增加。因此在处理发酵床垫料时,要综合考虑其对环境及食品安全的影响。

The study aimed to assess the hygiene condition of fermentation litter and its influence on plant growth in livestock farm.Firstly,to assess the hygiene condition of fermentation litter,we investigated moisture content,total N/P,soluble salts,aflatoxin B1（AFB1）,the number of E.coli and B.subtilis,Cu and Zn content（total heavy metals and available heavy metals content） in fermentation litter of different usages,depths and feeding stages collected from three piggery.Secondly,we mixed soil with different proportions of packing materials to study its influence on plant growth and Cu/Zn residual in plants.The results showed that with the increase of packing materials of fermentation bed depth,moisture content decreased gradually,temperature rose highly and the number of E.coli and B.subtilis reduced.On the other hand,with the extension of packing materials of fermentation bed usage,while neither total N content decreased nor total P content increased notably（P0.05）,Cu,Zn,Pb and soluble salts content increased significantly（P0.05）.AFB1 were detected below 10 μg/kg in all three year experimental periods.Planting test results showed that Cu,Zn content and their residual in plant increased along with the packing materials proportion.Therefore,considering the effect of fermentation litter treatment on the environment and food security is necessary.