基于遥感和地理信息系统的图们江地区生态安全评价

On eco-security evaluation in the Tumen River region based on RS&GIS

利用遥感及统计数据,基于压力-状态-响应(P-S-R)模型选取22个评价指标构建生态安全评价体系对图们江地区进行基于空间的生态安全评价。结果表明:研究区生态安全水平呈现出明显的空间差异性,表现为区域内东西两端生态安全水平较高并向中部过渡。各生态安全等级的面积大小排序为:较安全>临界安全>安全>较不安全>不安全,所占比例分别为49.56%,33.89%,9.14%,6.48%,0.94%。另外统计了基于行政单元的平均生态安全指数和等级,发现各县市的生态安全水平和等级构成都有所不同,各县市生态安全水平状态排序为珲春>图们>安图>汪清>延吉>龙井>和龙。整体来看,研究区生态环境质量较好,生态系统服务功能及抗干扰能力较强,生态问题较少,生态灾害较少。

Global change and problems related to sustainable development have increased to the point where they have become the core of a wide variety of scientific research all over the world, with research related to ecological stability having become the most important part of resolving these crucial issues. Past research related to ecological stability had no widely used and accepted methodology and lacked repeatability and consistent tactics. Therefore, techniques required for research related to regional ecological stability need further study and exploration. The Tumen River serves as a border between China and North Korea and for 15km, North Korea and Russia. This study of the Tumen River region primarily used remote sensing images and related statistical data to develop an evaluation index system which included 22 evaluation indices and was established based on a proportional specimen resistance （PSR） model. Using the index system, the analytic hierarchy process was used to assign weights and then an ecological stability index （ESI） was computed; the ESI values were divided into 5 grades and used to spatially assess the ecological stability of the Tumen River Region. The results show that the ecological stability of this region primarily falls into grade IV which indicates that the regional is generally ecologically stable, with grade V being the most stable and secure. The spatial areas of land classified in each grade were ranked as follows： Ⅳ 〉 Ⅲ 〉 Ⅴ〉Ⅱ 〉Ⅰ with the percentages of 49.56%, 33.89%, 9.14%, 6.48%, and 0.94% of the total land area in the Tumen River Region in each rank, respectively. The ESI revealed some significant spatial differences; the ecological stability was high in the east and west but was low in the middle of the region. Based on topography, areas with a high ecological stability grade were concentrated in the flat plains and valleys while areas with a low grade were concentrated in the steep hilly areas at higher altitudes. Areas strongly affected by anthropogenic activities were in the low ecological stability grades. Also, the mean ESI and the ecological stability grades were counted and analyzed based on administrative divisions. The ecological stability and the structure of the grades varied from city to city and ranked as follows： Hunchun 〉 Tumen 〉 Antu 〉 Wangqing 〉 Yanji 〉 Longjing 〉 Helong. There were also some differences in structure of the ecological stability grade of every city. The differences were primarily caused by serious human impacts and some natural factors so the ecological stability was low in some residential areas and some areas around traffic routes. But in some cities or counties the ecological stability was better than expected because the environmental protection policies and measures were relatively well implemented in these cities. So, it is necessary to pay attention to the policies related to ecological protection to ensure the ecological stability of the region which can also promote sustainable development of the region. Generally, in Tumen River Region, the eco-environmental quality was good, the ecosystem services were stable and the ability of the ecosystem to deal with stress was high. Also, there were rare negative ecological issues and ecological disasters in the region.