尼古丁疫苗研究进展

Recent progress in vaccines against nicotine addiction

吸烟是一个全球性问题,其广泛性远超其他任何滥用物质。尼古丁是烟草成瘾的主要成分。目前用于戒烟的方法疗效有限。一种新的方法是采用抗尼古丁疫苗,由尼古丁与蛋白载体结合组成,接种后在体内引发免疫反应,产生的特异性抗体与吸烟进入体内的尼古丁结合,阻断其进入大脑之后对奖赏系统的影响,从而帮助吸烟者戒烟。尼古丁疫苗在治疗尼古丁成瘾和防复吸方面潜力很大。本文将对尼古丁疫苗的研究现状进行综述,并对所遇到的问题进行讨论。

Tobacco smoking is a global healthcare problem that poses a substantial and costly health burden. Nicotine is the major constituent responsible for the addiction to tobacco. Current strategies helping tobacco smokers have limited utility in increasing rates of smoking cessation, consequently indicating the need for alternative therapies. A novel therapeutic method is vaccination against nicotine. Nicotine vaccine can generate specific antibodies that can sequester nicotine from cigarette smoke in the blood, and prevent its access to the brain and minimize positive reinforcing effects, which may help smokers to stop smoking. The vaccine will have great potential for the treatment of nicotine addiction and for relapse prevention. Here we will review the current status of vaccines against nicotine addiction and discuss the problems associated with the development of nicotine vaccines.