黑火药烟雾致吸入性肺损伤大鼠模型的建立与评价

Reproduction and evaluation of a rat model of inhalation lung injury caused by black gunpowder smog

目的构建黑火药烟雾所致吸入性肺损伤大鼠模型并对其进行评价。方法分析黑火药烟雾成分,建立吸入性肺损伤大鼠模型。42只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和建模后1、2、6、24、48、96h组(n=6),检测各组大鼠动脉血气的变化,测定肺湿/干比(W/D)、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白细胞数及蛋白含量,并取肺组织行大体及镜下病理组织学观察。结果黑火药烟雾成分主要为CO2和CO,且12min内浓度稳定。大鼠吸入烟雾后表现为低氧血症,COHb于吸入后1h达峰值(P<0.05),W/D于2h达峰值(P<0.05),吸入后24h内BALF白细胞数呈进行性增加(P<0.05),蛋白含量显著增高(P<0.05)。病理观察可见肺组织出血、水肿及炎性细胞浸润,呈急性肺损伤表现,至吸入后96h仍未恢复。结论通过黑火药烟雾暴露可成功建立大鼠吸入性肺损伤模型,且具有易复制、稳定、可靠的优点,可用于战场环境下吸入性肺损伤的实验研究。

Objective To reproduce and evaluate a rat model of inhalation lung injury caused by black gunpowder smog.Methods The smog composition was analyzed and a rat model of inhalation lung injury was reproduced.Forty two healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control（NC） group and 1h,2h,6h,24h,48h and 96h after inhalation group（n=6）.The arterial blood gas,wet to dry weight ratio（W/D） of lung,leukocyte count,and protein concentration in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid（BALF） were determined.Macroscopic and microscopic changes in lung tissue were observed.Results The composition of black gunpowder smog was composed mainly of CO2 and CO,and their concentrations remained stable within 12 minutes.Smog inhalation caused a significant hypoxemia,the concentration of blood COHb reached a peak value 1h,and the W/D of lung reached peak value 2h after inhalation（P＆lt;0.05）.The amount of leukocytes and content of protein in BALF increased significantly within 24h after inhalation（P＆lt;0.05）.Histopathological observation showed diffuse hemorrhage,edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue as manifestations of acute lung injury,and the injury did not recover at 96h after inhalation.Conclusion The rat model of inhalation lung injury can be reproduced using black gunpowder smog,and it has the advantages of its readiness for reproduction,reliability and stability,and it could be used for the experiment of inhalation injury in a battlefield environment.