脱细胞技术及其在组织工程中的应用研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF DECELLULARIZATION AND APPLICATION IN TISSUE ENGINEERING

目的对获取组织细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)的脱细胞方法及脱细胞ECM支架在组织工程领域的应用进行综述。方法查阅近年国内外相关文献,对脱细胞方法进行归纳和分类,分析灭菌方法对脱细胞支架的影响,提出脱细胞程度的评价标准,总结脱细胞ECM支架在不同组织器官中的应用。结果脱细胞方法主要有物理法、化学试剂法和生物制剂法,不同的脱细胞方法对细胞去除程度及ECM成分的影响不同,需要根据组织和脱细胞方法的特点选择最佳脱细胞方法,以达到理想效果。结论选择合适的脱细胞方法对制备组织工程所需的生物材料非常重要。

Objective To review the decellularized methods for obtaining extracellular matrix（ECM） and the applications of decellularized ECM scaffold in tissue engineering. Methods Recent and related literature was extensively and comprehensively reviewed.The decellularized methods were summarized and classified.The effects of different sterilization methods on decellularized scaffolds were analyzed;the evaluation criterion of extent of decellularization was put forward;and the application of decellularized ECM scaffold in different tissues and organs engineering field was summarized. Results The decellularized methods mainly include physical methods,chemical methods,and biological methods,and different decellularization methods have different effects on the extent of cell removal and ECM composition and structure.Therefore,the best decellularization method will be chosen according to the characteristics of the tissues and decellularization methods to achieve the ideal result. Conclusion It is very important to choose the appropriate decellularized method for preparing the biological materials desired by tissue engineering.The biological scaffolds prepared by decellularized methods will play an important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.