赣东深山古船屋

GANDONG HEAVENLY KINGDOMS

江西省黎川县与福建相交的武夷山北麓中段,隐藏着一座气势恢弘、造型独特的船形古宅。这组相传由商人黄徽柔于清道光二十四年(1844年)所建的建筑群,占地10亩,共有3进、9栋、18厅、36天井、72地漏、108间房,由若干套砖木结构、金字梁、斜坡屋顶的"一厅四房"前后贯串构成主体建筑,每幢之间有天井、廊巷、侧厅连接。青砖黛瓦、飞檐翘角的整体建筑布局成船头、前舱、后舱、甲板、船篷的形状,尖尖的船头坐西朝东指北,青山在侧,依水而建,于高处相望恍如巨船乘风破浪。因其地理位置、走向、建筑格局都很特别,并有很多奇特的建筑遗存符号,据专家考证,为清代活跃民间的反清复明组织"天地会"("洪门")的江西总舵。目前国内发现了四处同类船屋,均分布在江西抚州辖内,除此处外,临近的广昌县有一座、南城县两座。它们以其极为罕见的建筑形态和"洪门"文化背景,开始引起各界人士关注。

In 1844, during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor, the merchant Huang Weirou organized the construction of a unique settlement deep in Wuyi Mountain, where Lichuan County, Jiangxi meets Fujian. The settlement site was ten mou (6,666 m2) and boasted nine elegant ship-shaped buildings, which consisted of three gateways, eighteen halls, thirty-six patios, seventy-two gutters, and one hundred and eight private rooms. In addition, classical features adorned the buildings, including wood and tile frames, pitched beams, and 'one hall, four rooms' layout under beautiful sloped roofs. Moreover, the patios, corridors, and adjacent halls were all connected to each other. The placement of the buildings with respect to the surrounding environment reproduced a common 19th century scene – a merchant ship, albeit a vessel built of grey bricks and glazed tiles, riding the waves of commerce and ambition. Given the location, orientation, and architectural style of the site, historians believe that this settlement was once the Jiangxi Headquarters of the Kingdom of Heavenly Peace. To date, there have been four such settlements discovered in eastern Jiangxi, giving us insight into the architectural aesthetics of the Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864).