马克思社会生产两大部类顺序的由来和演变

The Origin And Evolution of the Two-Major-Category Order of Marx Social Production

马克思在开始时采用以消费资料生产为第Ⅰ部类,生产资料生产为第Ⅱ部类的顺序反映了批驳"斯密教条"这个思想史上的原因,是有其合理性的。但他后来在《资本论》第二卷第Ⅷ稿又采用以生产资料生产为第Ⅰ部类,消费资料生产为第Ⅱ部的顺序,却是更为合理的。这种顺序表明,只有提倡勤俭节约,控制消费资料生产的超前发展,先行发展教育和生产资料生产,才能达到转变经济发展方式促进经济社会科学发展的目的,使包括消费资料生产在内的整个社会再生产取得更大的经济社会效益。

At the beginning,Marx adopted the order with the production of consumer goods as Category Ⅰand that of production means as Category Ⅱ,demonstrating that it is rational to refute＂Smith Doctrine＂in the ideological history.But later,he changed the order,and the production of production means became Category Ⅰ,that of consumer goods Category Ⅱ in Draft Ⅷ of the second volume of ＂Das Kapital＂,turning out to be more reasonable.This order shows that only by promoting thrift,controlling the overdevelopment of the production of consumption means,and giving priority to developing education and the production of production means,can the objective of transforming economic development mode,promoting economic and social scientific development,and making the entire social reproduction achieve greater economic and social benefits,including the production of consumption means be achieved.