铁路与近代中国的社会文化变迁

Railway and Modern Chinese Social and Cultural Changes

铁路在近代中国的出现和延伸加速了新文化的传播以及旧文化的革新,促进了社会文化变迁。主要表现为:人们的生活由封闭向着开放、由舒缓向着快速转变,消费观念由本土化向着西方化转变,生计方式由一元向着多元转变,社会关系由简单向着复杂、由等级观念向着平等观念转变,社会习俗由旧习向着文明转变等等。铁路虽然没有很快将中国带入文明发达的社会,但它给中国带来了新的气象,并在相当程度上推动了传统社会文化的转型,是中国走向现代文明的重要推动力量。

After railway appeared and extended in modern Chinese,it accelerated the propagation of new culture and innovation of old culture,then promoted the transition of social culture.The main performance was： the life condition of people was changed from closed to open and slow to fast,their consumption concept from localization to westernization,means of livelihood from single to diversified,social relations from simple to complex and class to equality,social customs from old to civilization and so on.Although railway didn’t lead China into the civilized society,it brought out a series of new changes and promoted the transformation of traditional culture to a considerable extent,it was an important drive for China’entry into the modern civilization.