清代漕运对天津的影响

Qing Dynasty Caoyun( the Canal Transportation of Grain) and its Influence on Tianjin

清代,天津处于漕运枢纽地位,是漕粮进入京师、通州以及边防粮仓的必经之地。每年数万名漕运人员驾驶上万只漕船运载着数百万石漕粮从天津经过,或者在此停留,对天津产生了重大影响。一是漕船带运的大量南方货物涌入天津,促进了天津商业的发展,同时也带动了其他行业的兴起;二是漕运带动的商业发展促使越来越多的人选择寓居天津,从而对天津人口和社会秩序产生影响;三是受南方漕运人员的影响,天津人不仅能听懂而且学会了多种南方语言;四是随着漕船北来,南方沿海地区信仰的妈祖被传到北方,并得到发展和演变,备受尊崇。

During Qing Dynasty,Tianjin's position was pivotal to caoyun( the canal transportation of grain) as the place that must be passed by if the grain were to enter the country's capital,Tongzhou,and border defense granaries. Every year,over ten thousand caoyun boats with several million dan( the old Chinese unit of dry measure for grain which equals to 1 hectoliter) of grain would be steered by tens of thousands of caoyun staffs to pass by or stop at Tianjin,leaving major impacts on Tianjin. Firstly,large quantity of southern goods brought by the caoyun boats flooded into Tianjin,promoting the development of commerce in Tianjin and bringing along the rise of other professions. Secondly,the development of commerce brought by caoyun made more and more people choose to reside in Tianjin,leaving impacts on Tianjin's population and social order. Thirdly,at the influence of caoyun staffs from the south,people of Tianjin not only can understand but also master many southern dialects. And fourthly,along with the arrival to the north of caoyun boats,Mazu worshipped by the coastal areas of the south was introduced to the north,developed and evolved,and was greatly revered.