核事故对人群心理健康的影响研究现状

Research status of the mental health consequences of the nuclear accident

研究表明,核事故发生后,某些人群的心理健康受到较大影响,需要予以特别关注。高危人群包括核电站工作人员和从事洗消清除工作的人员,和某些特殊人群,例如儿童、孕妇、年青母亲、受到辐射暴露的成年人等,在核事故发生20年后,高危人群抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍的患病率仍然较高。从事洗消清除工作的人员受到的辐射最为严重,精神分裂症谱系疾病的发病率明显升高;在胎儿和婴幼儿时期受到辐射暴露者,其智商和神经认知功能是否受到影响,研究结果并不一致;孕妇和年青母亲发生心理异常,主要是缘于持续担忧后代健康受到影响。本文对核事故发生后不同人群产生的心理健康效应及相关因素分别进行了综述。

Studies have shown that significant mental health effects were observed among certain groups after the nu clear accident.Groups at risk include nuclear power plant workers,clean-up workers,children exposed in utero,and adult populations with varying levels of exposure.The rates of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among risk groups remain elevated even 20 years after the accident.Clean-up workers had the greatest exposure to radiation,an elevated rate of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was assessed among them.Very young children and those in utero who lived in contaminated areas were also the subject of several studies,but the findings were inconsistent.Mothers of young children exposed to radiation remain another high-risk group,primarily due to lingering worries about the health of their children.This paper provides a review of research on the psychological impact among high-risk groups of the nuclear accident.