北京与主要世界城市低碳发展状况的比较研究

The Comparison Research on Situation of Low Carbon Development between Beijing and Major World Cities

建成国际城市、宜居城市是北京建设中国特色世界城市的两大重要目标。而伦敦、纽约和东京等世界城市正积极谋求低碳转型,纷纷提出了建设低碳城市的目标,并制定了相关规划或发展路线图,还付之于低碳发展行动。因而"低碳北京"也应该成为北京建设世界城市的题中之义。本研究主要采取横向比较的方法,选择碳排放强度、人均碳排放、单位面积碳排放量、碳排放行业结构、能源结构、大气污染和就业结构等定量指标,以及低碳发展政策、低碳发展行动等定性层面,通过北京与伦敦、纽约和东京等世界城市进行比较分析,发现总体上北京低碳发展水平大大落后于上述城市。为此,北京要积极而广泛地借鉴世界城市低碳发展的经验和教训,统筹考虑世界城市与低碳城市的目标协调,结合自身的资源禀赋、所处阶段和经济社会发展水平,探索适合北京市情的低碳发展道路,具体路径可从以下方面来展开:注重政府引导,强调规划先行;优化产业结构,改善能源结构;提高能源效率,研发低碳技术;加强国际合作,争取项目支持;创新制度体系,规范低碳行为;完善碳交易机制,构建碳市场体系。

The construction of international city and livable city are two important goals that building a world city with Chinese characteristics in Beijing, World cities such as Lon- don, New York and Tokyo are actively seeking a low carbon transformation,presented their goals of building a low-carbon city and developed a related plan or roadmap,took low car- bon development action. So ＂Low carbon Beijing＂should also be one of goals of constructing world city in Beijing. This research mainly took the method of horizontal comparison, select- ed some quantitative indicators like carbon emission intensity, per capita carbon emission,unit area carbon emission, industry structure of carbon emission, energy structure, air pollution, em- ployment structure, chosen qualitative indicators as policy and action of low carbon develop~ ment, and compared the situation of low carbon development among Beijing and world cities such as London, New York, Tokyo and etc. It found that the status of low carbon de- velopment in Beijing was greatly behind above city. Therefore the burden of building a low-carbon city will be heavier and the road will be longer for Beijing, Beijing should smooth away difficulties and catch up. For this, It should reference actively and widely the experiences and lessons on low carbon development of world cities, plan world city and low carbon city as a whole, exploration for a low carbon development road considering the con- dition of Beijing by combining its resources endowment, development stage,the development of economic and social level. The specific path is： Focusing on the guide of government, Stressing planning on first place;Optimizing industry structure,Mending energy structure;Im- proving energy efficiency, Researching low carbon technology; Strengthening international co- operation, Striving for project support;Innovation institutional system,Regulating behavior of low carbon; Perfecting mechanism of carbon trading, Constructing system of carbon markets.