吐鲁番历史文化遗迹周围景观类型变化分析

Changes of landscape around the historical culture resources in Turpan

历史文化遗迹周围景观类型的变化对历史文化遗迹有着重要的影响,对历史文化遗迹的保护必须从对其自身的保护上升到对其周边景观类型保护的阶段。应用遥感和GIS技术以及数理统计学方法,以历史文化遗迹丰富的吐鲁番为研究区,利用1990年、1999年和2010年的遥感数据,深入研究了吐鲁番历史文化遗迹周围景观类型时空变化。结果表明:(1)不同景观类型对历史文化遗迹的影响是不同的,耕地、城乡居民对历史文化遗迹的破坏最大,未利用地和水体对历史文化遗迹也具有一定的破坏作用,草地对历史文化遗迹的保护具有积极的作用;(2)从时间变化上看,整个时段(1990-2010年),海洋墓地周围景观类型年综合变化率最大,为0.895,阿萨协亥尔古城周围景观类型年综合变化率最小,为0.046;(3)从空间变化上看,整个时段(1990-2010年),海洋墓地周围景观类型变化速度最大,相对变化率为1.896;阿萨协亥尔古城周围景观类型变化速度最小,相对变化率为0.216。评价结果可为吐鲁番地区的历史文化遗迹管理和保护提供科学依据。

The different landscape types around historical and cultural resources have different effects on histori- cal and cultural resources, so both historical and cultural resources and landscape types around them must be protected. Using remote sensing imagery data of 1990, 1999, 2010, and taking the Turpan which has much his- torical culture resources as the study area, the temporal and spatial change of landscape around the historical cul- ture resources were analyzed by applying the methods of remote sensing （ RS）, geographic information system （GIS） and statistics. The main results are as follows： （1） Different landscape types had different influence on historical culture resources; land cultivation and rural residents had huge damage on them; unused land and wa- ter had a destructive effect on them to some extent ; the grassland had the positive effect on protection of historical culture resources. （2） From the view of time, the whole period （1990-2010）, change rate of landscape type around marine cemetery was the largest, it was O. 895 ; change rate of landscape type around asa co - hai, was the least, 0.046. （3） From the view of space, in the whole period （1990 -2010）, change rate of landscape type around marine cemetery was the largest, was the least, it was 0.216. According to the protection and management of history cultural it was 1. 896, change rate of landscape type around Asa co - hai, results of evaluation, this article puts forward some suggestions for resources.