基于GIS的陕西省水资源潜力及承载力研究

Water resources development potential and carrying capacity in Shaanxi province

基于GIS技术,依据《国家人口发展功能区工作技术导则》,计算了陕西省县域尺度和流域尺度的水资源潜力及承载力,并针对不同的水资源承载区提出相应的开发利用对策和建议。结果表明:1)县域尺度上,陕北地区的水资源承载指数为2.34,人口超载率为133.97%,水资源承载状况属于过载;关中地区的水资源承载指数为2.38,人口超载率为137.52%,水资源承载状况属于过载;陕南地区的水资源承载指数为0.52,水资源盈余率为48.00%,水资源承载状况属于盈余;2)流域尺度上,黄河流域范围,只有渭河宝鸡峡以上流域的水资源承载类型属人水平衡型,其余各三级流域的水资源承载类型均属水资源超载型;长江流域范围,各三级流域的水资源承载类型均属水资源盈余型。研究为实现水资源在县域尺度、流域尺度等不同等级区域中的合理均衡和分配提供科学参考。

Based on ＂National Technical Guidelines for Functional Zones of Population Development＂, the water resources potential and carrying capacity of Shaanxi Province have been calculated by using mathematical models and GIS technology at the scales of counties and watersheds. At the same time, the corresponding suggestions have been put forward according to the different water resources carrying capacity regions. The results showed that ： 1 ） At the county scale, in the north of Shaanxi Province, the water resources carrying capacity index was 2. 34, and the average rate of population overloading was 133. 970/o , meaning the actual population were much more than that the water resources could carry; in the central of Shaanxi Province, the water resources carrying capacity index was 2.38, and the average rate of population overloading was 137.52% , also meaning the actual population were much more than that the water resources could carry ; in the south of Shaanxi Province, the water resources carrying capacity index was 0.52, and the average rate of surplus was 48.00% , meaning the surplus water resources could support more people development. 2）At the watershed scale, in Yellow River watershed, only the upstreams of Baojixia in Weihe belonged to the regions of water resources balance, while other three - stage watersheds belonged to the regions of water resources overload; in Yangtze River watershed, all three - stage watersheds belonged to the regions of water resources surplus. The study can provide references for the allo- cation of water resources at the scales of counties and watersheds.