西北地区旅游规模差异及其位序规模分布

Disparity of tourism scale and a its rank-scale distribution in the Northwest China

根据西北地区2001-2011年入境和国内旅游数据的统计、分析,借用首位分布和位序-规模分布理论,结合标准差、基尼系数、变差系数、赫芬达尔指数和首位度,对其旅游规模差异及特征进行分析,研究发现:西北地区入境旅游规模绝对差异迅速扩大,相对差异缓慢增长,具有局部省份高度垄断现象;与入境旅游规模相比,国内旅游规模绝对差异较大,相对差异较小,集聚程度较低,但都呈扩大趋势;入境和国内旅游规模首位分布特征显著,位序几乎没有变化,旅游业发展不均衡且不均衡格局相对稳定。研究认为:旅游规模差异是综合因素共同作用的结果,西北地区入境旅游规模受交通区位与旅游资源丰度的影响最大,而国内旅游规模主要受交通区位、旅游资源丰度和GDP的影响。

Based on the theory of primary distribution and rank - size distribution ,we made an analysis of tourism revenue from domestic and inbound tourism about the northwest from 2001 to 2011 by using Standard Deviation, Gini Coefficient, Coefficient of Variation, Herfindal Index and Urban Primacy Index. The research showed that the change of absolute difference in inbound tourism was expanding rapidly and the change of relative difference was growing slowly. Meanwhile local provinces had higher forestall phenomenon. Comparison with inbound tourism, the absolute difference of domestic tourism was greater, but relatively difference was littler. The concen- tration degree was lower than inbound tourism, but it existed expanding trend. The distributing feature of in- bound tourism and domestic tourism scale was very significant and the order had changed hardly. Although tourism development was not balance, unbalanced pattern was very stable. Studies suggested that the tourism scale and its difference were common findings of comprehensive factors. The northwest area was influenced by the scale of inbound tourism traffic and tourism resources abundance of the impact so seriously, but domestic tourism scale was mainly affected by traffic location, tourist resource abundance, the influence of GDP.