标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗急性外伤性硬膜下血肿疗效分析

Clinical analysis of standard large trauma craniotomy in treatment of acute subdural hematoma

目的 探讨标准大骨瓣开颅术在急性外伤性硬膜下血肿治疗中的应用,分析其临床疗效及并发症.方法 回顾性分析采用标准大骨瓣开颅术治疗的急性外伤性硬膜下血肿患者51例的临床资料,分析该手术的临床效果及术后并发症.结果 51例患者术后随访3～6个月,死亡10例,植物生存4例,重残6例,中残11例,良好20例.术后并发症：4例迟发性血肿,4例硬膜下积液,3例外伤性癫痫,2例外伤性脑梗死,2例脑积水,2例减压区脑软化灶.结论 标准大骨瓣开颅术止血方便,可快速清除硬膜下血肿,降低颅压,是急性硬膜下血肿的有效治疗方法.

Objective To explore the surgical techniques and clinical outcome of standard large trauma craniotomy in the treatment of acute subdural hematoma.Methods The clinical data of 51 cases with acute subdural hematoma,who underwent standard large trauma craniotomy in recent 5 years in our department,were retrospectively analyzed.Results All the patients were followed up for 3 ～ 6 months.10 cases were dead,4 persistent vegetative status,severe disability in 6 cases,midrange disability occurred in 11 cases and 20 cases were good.Postoperative complications included tardive haematoma in 4 cases,traumatic cerebral infarction in 2 cases,subdural collection of fluid in 4 cases,cerebromalacia in depressor area in 2 cases,hydrocephalus in 2 cases,and traumatic epilepsy in 3 cases.Conclusion Standard large trauma craniotomy is an effective approach in the treatment of acute subdural hematoma,due to its advantages such as satisfactory exposure for haemostasis,rapid removal of haematoma and relief of acute intracranial hypertension.