劳动权的防御权功能与国家的尊重义务

The Defensive Right Function of Labor Rights and the State's Duty to Respect

防御权功能是劳动权的首要功能,以防止国家权力的干预、为公民创设"自由空间"为旨趣。公民劳动权的起始之处,即国家权力的终止之所。防御权功能属于"主观权利"范畴,公民享有"不作为请求权"、"停止侵害请求权"。尽管我国《宪法》未规定劳动自由,然而,从"事实"与"规范"二维度看,防御权功能亦是我国劳动权的题中之义。劳动权的防御权功能之实现仰赖国家履行"消极不作为"的"尊重义务"。尊重义务是劳动权保障的根本义务,立法机关和司法机关是尊重义务的主体,行政机关在一定程度上具有尊重义务的主体资格。

The defensive right is a primary function of labor rights,which aims to prevent the intervention of the state＇s power and to provide citizens with＂free space＂.The starting point of citizens＇labor rights is also the termination of the state＇s power.The defensive right function has the feature of＂subjective rights＂,by which citizens can claim the＂right for inaction＂and exercise＂the right to stop infringement＂.Although the freedom of labor is not stipulated in the Constitution of China,the defensive right function is an innate feature of labor rights from two dimensions：the＂fact＂and＂norms＂.The sound functioning of the defensive right depends on the State to perform the＂duty to respect＂,which is a＂negative inaction＂.The duty to respect is the fundamental duty to protect the labor rights,and the legislative and the judiciary organs are the main subjects to assume the duty;while the administrative organs should be qualified to some extent to assume the duty to respect.