从《左传》看春秋历制

The Perfection of the Calendar System in the Spring and Autumn Annuals in Zuo Qiu ming's Records

《左传》对《春秋》经文中的天象记录作了大量的补充和纠正 :它指出鲁国史官对几次日食发生时间的误载和“闰月不告朔”的失误 ;在“二分二至”的基础上补充了“四立”和惊蛰 ,将二十四气增加到九 ;岁星纪年的出现 ,标志着历制统一为大势所趋 ;在“分野”的问题上 ,客观地记述了科学和迷信的斗争。

In Zuoqiuming's Records, a great deal of supplements and amendments were made for the records of celestial phenomena written in the manuscripts of the Spring and Autumn annuals as follows:1.It pointed out the wrong time of records on several solar eclipses made by historians in Lu State and the mistakes on'non-sacrificial rites on the first day of leap month'. 2.On the basis of the Spring-Autumn Equinoxes and the Summer-winter solstices,the Beginnings of Spring,Summer,Autumn, and Winter as well as the Waking of Insects were added so that the Solar Terms turned into nine ones. 3.The appearance of Jupitor calendar indicated the unitary trend of Calendar system. 4.On the harmony between the heavenly stars and the earthly areas,the struggle between science and superstition was objectively recorded. These offer rich historical materials on astronomy for us to research the Spring and Autumn Calendar System.