外来水生植物大聚藻的生态安全性初探

Ecological safety of exotic aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum

从外来水生植物大聚藻的耐寒性、再生能力和耐盐性等方面入手,研究比较了其与有害植物水花生对环境适应能力的差异。结果表明:大聚藻的越冬能力明显高于水花生;大聚藻断枝离体水培后复活快、发根与生长迅速,生长量与营养繁殖力也明显大于水花生;大聚藻具有很强的耐盐能力,其枝条在NaCl盐浓度为0 g.L-1～3 g.L-1的水体中能正常生长,4 g.L-1～5 g.L-1的浓度中可存活2～4周。因此,大聚藻在自然生态环境中具有超强的生存能力和繁殖能力,存在一定的生态风险,对大聚藻的利用必须在有限范围内谨慎进行,应严格控制其群体在自然生态环境中的过量扩散与繁殖。

The cold resistance, regeneration capacity and salt tolerance of exotic aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum were compared with those of A lternanthera philoxeroides. The results showed that M. aquaticum could grow normally in 4.7-17.4℃, and could survive in winter, but A. philoxeroides all died; meanwhile, the fragments of M. aquaticum （0.5-5.0 era） could relive and start to grow in water 1 day later, but A.philoxeroides just could relive and get to grow 3 days later. M. aquaticum also could grow well in the solution with NaC1 0-2 g·L^-1 and survive for 2-4 weeks in the solution with NaC1 4-5 g·L^-1. As M. aquaticum has the strong cold resistance, regeneration capacity and high salt tolerance, there is ecological risk to cultivate M. aquaticum in Ningho area. So, we must use this plant carefully as a garden plant and control its population to over reproduce and spread.