农村地区慢性病防治方法及效果评价

The Health Education Methods and evaluation of their effects in Rural Areas

目的探讨适合农村地区的慢性非传染性疾病防治方法并对其效果进行评价。方法采用随机整群抽样方法从吴江区抽取3个村18岁及以上居民进行研究,于2011年8月进行基线调查;2012年3～7月对上述三村居民进行多种途径的健康教育,其方法包括建立健康知识宣传栏,发放健康知识宣传册、播放录像和广播、举办健康教育讲座、"小手拉大手-健康大行动"等;干预后采用相同的方法对人群进行问卷调查,比较干预前后居民对慢性病防治知识的知晓情况,并评价干预效果。结果干预后农村居民对代谢综合征定义、高血压诊断标准、糖尿病诊断标准及体重指数正常范围的知晓率较干预前分别提高了54.16%、34.23%、42.54%和19.68%;约41.68%的农村居民通过电视广播获得慢性病防治知识,37.60%的农村居民通过子女或周围的人获得慢性病防治知识。结论健康教育对农村居民慢性病防治知识知晓率的提高有显著影响;电视广播和"小手拉大手-健康大行动"是农村地区健康教育的有效途径,值得在其他地区推广。

Objective To explore the preventive Methods for the non-communicable chronic diseases which adapt to rural areas,and evaluate their effects.Methods The residents aged 18 years and older were selected randomly by cluster sampling technique from Wujiang District.The baseline information was investigated in August,2011.During March^July,2012,all kinds of health education Methods were conducted,including establishing propaganda fence,handing out leaflets,holding lectures,and so on.The questioners were collected after intervention.The awareness rates of chronic diseases were compared before and after intervention,and health education effects were evaluated.Results The awareness rates of the metabolic syndrome,diagnostic criteria of hypertension and diabetes mellitus,and normal range of body mass index（BMI） were raised by 54.16 percent,34.23 percent,42.54 percent and 19.68 percent,respectively.About 41.68 percent of the residents knew about medical knowledge by television or broadcasting,and 37.60 percent of the residents knew about medical knowledge by their children or people around.Conclusion Health education plays an important role in chronic disease prevention in rural areas.TV,broadcasting and‘Small Hand by Big Hand-Health Action’are effective Methods to promote medical knowledge in rural areas.