欧美日企业文化差异及其对地方企业网络发展的影响——以汽车产业为例

Difference of Euro-American and Japanese Enterprise Cultures and Its Impact on the Development of Regional Enterprise Networks:A Case Study of Automobile Industry

首先对比分析欧美与日本的企业文化差异,然后以汽车产业为例,探讨其企业文化差异对上海、广东汽车企业网络的影响,结果表明:欧美企业文化强调个人主义、理性主义和平等观念,而日本则强调集体主义、感性主义和等级观念;因企业文化差异,欧美跨国汽车企业与日本跨国汽车企业相比,中国本土企业进入前者组建的企业网络难度与稳定性要弱于后者,而竞争激烈程度要大于后者,且后者在海外组建地方企业网络相对前者更为迅速;尽管后者比前者对地方企业网络的创新作用要强,技术扩散更为频繁,但这仅限其"封闭的供应商网络"范围内,对中国本土企业的技术封锁更加极端。最后提出其存在的问题及相应对策。

With the strategy of exchanging market for technology being put forward, more and more multinational enterprises and enterprise cultures from western developed countries such as America, Europe and Japan were pouring into China. Firstly, this paper made a comparative analysis about the difference of Euro-American and Japanese enterprise cultures. And then taking automobile industry as an example, the impact of the difference of Euro-American and Japanese enterprise cultures on Shanghai automobile enterprise network and Guangdong automobile enterprise network was further analyzed. The results showed that Euro-American enterprise culture stressed the concept of individualism, rationalism and equality, while Japanese enterprise cultures emphasized the concept of collectivism, emotionalism and hierarchy. Because of difference of Euro-American and Japanese enterprise cultures, it was easier for local enterprises to enter the network under the effect of Euro-American automobile multinational corporations than that of Japanese automobile multinational corporations, while the latter faced more intense competition than the former. Besides compared with the Euro-American automobile multinational corporations, the Japanese ones could set up local enterprises network more quickly, and had stronger and more frequent innovation effect on the regional enterprise networks, but it was available only in the closed supplier network. That was, locking technology of Japanese automobile multinational corporations was becoming more extreme. Finally, according to analysis of the impact of the difference of Euro-American and Japanese enterprise cultures on Shanghai automobile enterprise network and Guangdong automobile enterprise network under the driven of multinational automobile corporations, some corresponding countermeasures were put forward.