地方政府公共支出对劳动力迁移的效应分析

Impact of Government's Expenditures on Labor Migration

政府公共政策对劳动力迁移具有直接的影响,将政府公共支出引入到生产函数中,同时考虑劳动力流入给公共服务带来的拥挤成本,分析了迁移率的动态变化和长期均衡。认为政府公共支出可以提高企业生产率,但公共支出增加意味着更高的税率水平,其对劳动力流入会产生正反两方面作用。长期而言,迁移率独立于公共支出政策,不论是政府预算变量,还是直接针对迁移成本的管理措施,对长期的迁移率都没有影响,只会使地区间工资差距进一步扩大。短期而言,公共支出水平会影响迁移率,对迁移过程产生暂时的加速或减速作用。最后得出的结论是,政府公共支出的规模与累积的迁入人口之间呈倒U形关系。

Government policy plays an important role on migration rate. Introducing government expenditures into production function, noting the congestion effects immigrants bring, we analyze short term dynamic path and long term equilibrium of migration rate. Increasing private firms＂ productivity, public spending has a positive incentive to immigrants, but a higher tax burden, which has a negative incentive. In the long run, migration rate is independent of public policy. Neither government budget variables nor migration cost management measures have much effect on migration rate, but will widen the wage gap. On the other hand, there is an inverted ＂U＂ shaped relationship between government expenditure size and the stock of migrants.