八大公山国家重点保护野生植物繁殖特性

Propagation characteristics of national key protected wild plants in Badagongshan

以八大公山国家级自然保护区35种国家重点保护野生植物为研究对象,对植物的科属、保护级别(I级、II级)、生活型(乔木、灌木、草本)、自然条件下繁殖属性(有性繁殖、无性繁殖)以及种子传播方式(脊椎动物传播、蚂蚁传播、鸟类传播、风传播)进行分类。结果表明:八大公山国家级自然保护区的35种国家重点保护植物隶属于22科27属,有国家I级保护植物6种,国家II级保护植物29种,乔木为28种,占80%,灌木与草本较少;自然条件下,35种保护野生植物均为有性繁殖,其中金毛狗为有性孢子繁殖,其余为种子繁殖;种子(孢子)传播方式中脊椎动物传播为18种,鸟类传播为14种,风传播为3种,分别占总物种数目的 51.43%、40.00%和8.57%。可见,八大公山国家自然保护区脊椎动物和鸟类的减少导致植物繁殖扩散困难可能是国家重点保护野生植物数量进一步减少的重要原因之一。

The 35 national key protected wild plants in Badagongshan National Nature Reserve were classified according their traits： （ 1 ） family and genera; （2） protection levels as grade I and grade II; （3） life forms as trees, shrubs, herbs; （4） propagation models in natural condition as sexual propagation and asexual propagation; （ 5 ） dispersal models of seeds as vertebrates-dispersed, ants-dis- persed, jays-dispersed, wind-dispersed. Results showed that 35 national key protected wild plants belonged to 22 families and 27 gene- ra, in which 6 plants were in grade I and 29 plants in grade II. The number of trees was 28, which accounted to 80% of the total plants, and less was shrubs and herbs. In natural conditions, plants were all sexual propagation, including sexual spore in Cibotium barometz and seeds in other plants. The number of plant seeds or spores dispersed by vertebrates, jays and wind were 18, 14 and 3, which accounted to 51.43%, 40. 00% and 8. 57%, respectively. Therefore, low propagation of plants caused by decreased number of jays and vertebrates may be one of important factors for decreased number of national key protected wild plants in Badagongshan.