典型国家和国际环境空气质量标准对比研究

A comparative study on the typical national and international ambient air quality standards

针对20世纪以来国内外环境空气质量标准的新进展,着重分析了美国、欧盟、世界卫生组织(WHO)、日本以及我国的环境空气质量标准.就主要污染物控制项目、浓度限值、数据统计的有效性规定及标准实施要求等进行了对比和讨论.结果发现:PM10、NO2、O3、SO2、CO和Pb等仍是当今世界各国环境空气质量标准中的主要控制污染物,日本等绝大多数发达国家及中国都开始将PM2.5纳入评价体系;发达国家和国际组织都有增加苯、重金属等污染物的趋势,我国则是已经将这些评价指标列入参考浓度限值之列.

Since the 20th century the studies on ambient air quality standards at home and abroad have progressed significantly. In this paper, the ambient air quality standards of the USA, the European Union, the WHO, Japan, and China were comparatively analyzed. Based on the analysis and discussion with regard to major pollutants, concentration limits, statistical requirements for attaining the standards, implementation requirements, etc., it was concluded that PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, Pb, etc. are still common pollutants that most countries are targeting for control. PM2.5 has begun to be included into the evaluation system of China and most developed countries including Japan. Developed countries and international organizations are tending to add benzene and other heavy metals onto the list, whereas China has listed those evaluation indexes as concentration limits for reference.