青藏高原青铜时代的酋邦社会结构与生活方式

The Social Structure and Life Styles of Chiefdom of Bronze Age in the Qingzang Plateau

青藏高原在青铜时代时已经发展到一个酋邦社会。史书称其氏族无定,或以父名母姓为种号,也就是父子联名命名制度的变体。其社会结构呈现出与游牧的生活方式相呼应的分枝性社会结构:大豪、中豪、下豪。与此相应的考古资料便是季节性的石圈石围遗迹、等级分明并且象征游牧生活的墓葬遗迹,以及其它堆积很薄的居住遗址。

During the Bronze Age, the Qingzang Plateau developed into a chiefdom society. According to the historic records, the Tibetan societies were identified with father＇ s first name or mother＇ s surname, that is, the variant of father and son＇ s joint system. Their segmentary social structure corresponded to Tibetan nomady, such as Big Hao （big clan） , middle Hao（ Middle clan） and Xia Hao （lower dan）. Archaeological information also shows the same natures, which suggests seasonal architectures with stone foundation, ranked burials, and small resident sites with thin cultural deposit.