结婚实质要件法律适用的路径选择——兼评《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第21条

Path Choice of Legislation Applicable to Marriage Essential Requirements:Article 21 of Private International Law Act of PRC

婚姻家庭关系因不同国家、不同民族的道德要求和伦理标准不同,而对结婚实质要件的规定大相径庭。我国《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第21条规定结婚实质要件适用当事人共同居所地、共同国籍国、婚姻缔结地三个连接点,提高了法律选择的灵活性,能促进婚姻的有效。但此种规定不适合结婚实质要件特殊的伦理要求,反而会带来当事人故意规避法律以及法院频繁使用公共秩序保留制度等弊端。因此,对结婚实质要件应适用当事人的共同属人法;若没有共同属人法,则应适用各自的属人法。

Because there are some different moral requirements and ethical standards between countries and nationalities, there are some different legal provisions about marriage essential requirements. Article 21 of the Private International Law Act of the PRC stipulates three connecting factor that they are common domicile, common nationality and marriage location. It improves the flexibility of choice of law and promotes the effective marriage. But it is not suitable for ethical requirements of marriage essential requirement, it will bring disadvantages, as evasion of law and reservation of public order. Therefore, marriage essential requirement should be applied to common lex personalis; if there is not, it should be respectively applied to their lex personalis.