水准测量的误差来源及控制方法探析

Leveling Error Source and Control Method

水准测量是获得点高程的常用测量手段,也是高程测量精度最高的一种方法。实施过程中,由于仪器构造不可能十分完善、观测者感官鉴别力的局限,以及观测时外界条件等多方面的原因影响而产生测量误差,而且易出现隐蔽性错误,如果不能及早发现,基础资料是错误的,结果水准点高程不正确,直接影响工程设计和施工。本文以公路勘察设计实例,对水准测量的误差来源及控制方法进行探析。

Leveling is used to obtain the point elevation, also is the elevation measurement method with the highest precision. In implementation process, because the instrument structure is not very perfect, and the limitation of observers, external conditions when observation, they all influences measurement and causes error, error concealment is easy to appear. If not detected early, basic information is wrong, the bench mark elevation is not correct, directly affect the engineering design and construction. Based on highway survey and design examples, the error sources and control method of levehng are analyzed.