摘要
The characters of foggy day, misty day and hazy day were analyzed based on information in 7 meteorological stations in Xi’an during 1960 -2012. The results showed that during 1960-2012 in Xi’an, foggy day occurs most in mountainous regions and few in plains; misty day occurs most in cities and few in suburbs; hazy day occurs most in cities, followed by inner and outer suburbs. Annual foggy day in Xi’an changed from increasing to decreasing; misty day was increasing by 9.0 d/10 a; hazy day was decreasing by -7.7 d/10 a. During the 53 y in Xi’an, foggy day was shown in a singly-valley shape, and the minimum appeared in summer and the maximum appeared in winter; misty day was shown in a ＂V＂-shape, and the minimum （7.6 d） appeared in June and the maximum （3.8 d） in December; hazy day was shown in a ＂U＂-shape from May to September and the maximum in January （6.1）.
利用1960~2012年西安区域7个气象站的历史地面观测资料,统计分析了西安地区雾日、轻雾日及霾日的时空变化特征。结果表明,1960~2012年西安区域雾日分布呈近山区多、平原区少的特点;轻雾日的分布呈城区多发、郊区少发的特征;霾日在城区为高发区,近郊次之,远郊最少。西安地区年平均雾日数呈现先增加后减少的变化特征,轻雾日数以9.0d/10a的速率呈波动性显著增加趋势,霾日以-7.7d/10a的速率呈波动性显著减少趋势。西安地区雾日数在年内呈单谷型分布,全年最低值出现在夏季6月（0.2d）,冬季12月出现最高值（3.8d）;轻雾日数在年内呈＂V＂型分布,全年轻雾日数最低值出现在6月（7.6d）,冬季12月份出现最多（17.4d）;霾日数在年内呈＂U＂型分布,春末（5月）~初秋（9月）霾日出现频率在年内变化曲线上表现为一个宽广的＂U＂型底部,在冬季1月份上升至最高值（6.1d）。
