古代佛僧“帛”姓考辩

A Study on the Surname Bo of Ancient Buddhist Monks

古代佛教僧人在东晋道安提倡姓"释"之前,按照"从师命氏"原则,都以师父之姓冠为己姓。汉文僧传中出现一批"帛"姓僧人,其籍贯有印度人、西域人、龟兹人、中原人。但是后来有学者将凡冠以"帛"姓的僧人,均推测为龟兹人。以后以讹为真,长期误传。其不仅使僧人籍贯上的错讹流传,也因这些僧人的佛学派属、译经性质而造成龟兹佛教历史、思想体系论述失当。给龟兹佛教史研究带来不必要的误解和麻烦。本文根据历史文献、佛教经典对这个问题进行初步的考辩,以纠正长期的不实之词,还古代僧人"姓氏"问题的真实内涵。

Before Dao An,the Buddhist monk of the Eastern Jin Dynasty,advocated monks to surname Shi,monks were surnamed after their masters' surname. There were numbers of monks surnamed Bo in the Chinese Buddhist recordings. They either came from India,the Western Regions,Kucha or the Central Plain. However,some scholars suggested that all monks who had the surname Bo were Kuchian. This mistake had long been followed afterwards. Besides,the schools of the these monks and the nature of their translated Buddhist sutras also made improper expositions about the Buddhist history and ideological system of Kucha,bringing about unnecessary misunderstanding and trouble to the study of the Buddhist history of Kucha. This paper studied initially this issue in order to correct this mistake and restore the original meaning of the surnames of ancient monks using historical documents and Buddhist scriptures.