双重幻觉与时代困境——论莫言小说《蛙》

Mo Yan’s The Frog Interpreted

莫言的小说《蛙》由三层文本构成:首先,叙事主人公蝌蚪写给日本作家杉谷义人的信表达了"我"的写作诉求,即通过"真诚的写作"来"赎罪",从而"反省历史、反省自我",使人类"避免许许多多的愚蠢行为";其次,主体部分以第一人称叙事、写实主义手法讲述姑姑的故事,并在此过程中勾勒出60年中国历史在"我"与高密乡人身上留下的创痛;最后,"我"创作的"荒诞派"戏剧以一种匪夷所思的谐谑笔法,体现历史创伤的强大以及在此创伤驱动之下,世态人情的离经叛道和光怪陆离。

Mo Yan’s The Frog is composed of three layers： firstly,the letter written by the narrative protagonist Tadpole to Sugitani,a Japanese writer,expresses the demand for writing on the part of ＂I＂,namely ＂making atonement＂through ＂honest writing＂so as to ＂reflect on history and oneself＂and to prevent human beings from committing numerous stupidities＂;secondly,the protagonist tells the story of his aunt in the first-person and realistic perspective and meanwhile outlines the anguish inflicted upon ＂I＂and inhabitants of Gaomin village by the 60year Chinese history;and finally,＂the absurdist＂plays written by ＂I＂reflects the power of historical trauma in a fantastic style of banter as well as the deviation and bizarreness of the ways of the world under the impact of the trauma.