我国预防控制经性途径传播艾滋病的政策变迁及趋势分析

Prevention and control of sexually transmitted HIV /AIDS in China: Policy evolution and trends

我国艾滋病流行模式由早期静脉注射吸毒传播为主,逐渐演变为吸毒和性传播并重,进而发展到目前经性途径传播为主。中国20多年防控经性途径传播艾滋病的工作主要可分为四个阶段,在不同阶段,针对疫情,结合社会环境,采取了不同的防治策略,从早期的道德宣传和国境防范,到主动干预和积极预防,再到政府主导和全民动员,发展到目前防治形式的多样性和科学性,突破意识形态局限的阶段,反映了疫情、认识和策略之间的相互影响。在综合分析流行模式、防治策略、干预思想和预防技术的基础上,本文分析了未来预防控制经性途径传播艾滋病的策略,包括改进健康教育形式、创新干预手段、减少家庭内传播、更大限度发现HIV感染者、重视性别因素在扩大感染中的作用、关注流动人口的桥梁作用、消除社会歧视等。

In China,The main HIV/AIDS transmission mode in China has evolved from the early stage of intravenous drug use （ IDU） to the dual transmission of IDU and sexual transmission,and then to the current sexual transmission. During the past 20 years,the prevention of sexual transmitted HIV/AIDS has mainly included four stages： moral propaganda and border quarantine,active intervention and prevention,government leading and national mobilization,diverse and scientific preventive methods free from ideology. In each stage,different prevention strategies were adopted according to the severity of the epidemic,public awareness,and effectiveness of strategies. On the basis of a comprehensively analysis of epidemic modes,intervention,and prevention strategies and technologies. , this paper has proposed some strategies,which mainly includes improving HIV / AIDS health education,devising innovative intervention methods,,reducing domestic transmission,searching for HIV infected persons on a large scale, an emphasis on the factor of gender,and concern for the bridge role of migrant populations and the elimination of social discrimination.