电纺PEI/PVP复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

Preparation and characterization of electrospinning PEI/PVP composite nanofibers

利用静电纺丝技术制备了纳米级别的聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)复合纤维,考察了不同的纺丝工艺参数对PEI/PVP纤维形貌的影响。利用扫描电镜对纤维表面进行观察;通过红外光谱分析纤维中复合物间的相互作用;采用示差扫描量热分析(DSC)检测纤维的热性能。实验表明,以二氯甲烷(DCM)和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为混合溶剂,体积比为5:1～6:1,聚醚酰亚胺与聚乙烯吡咯烷酮重量比为1∶1～1∶5范围内时,静电纺丝高压为12kV,流速为1mL/h时,使用混纺技术可获得表面光滑、粗细均匀的PEI/PVP复合纳米纤维,纤维直径在400～700nm之间。红外光谱和DSC结果表明,聚合物之间通过氢键作用、静电吸引发生相互作用而复合形成纳米纤维,并且复合纤维良好的保持了PEI优异的热稳定性。

Composite nanofibers were successfully prepared using electrospinning process with polyetherimide（PEI） and polyvinylpyrrolidone（PVP）. The influence of different electrospinning processing parameters on the morphology of nanofibers were investigated. Scaning electron microscopy（SEM）was used to observe the morphology and structure of the nanofibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR）was conducted to characterize the interaction of the polymers in the fibers. Differential scaning calorimetry（DSC） was carried out to determine the thermal properties of fibers. Results of SEM showed that the nanofibers had a homogeneous structure and very smooth surface with a diameter of 400- 700nm when the optimal electrospinning were the volume ratio of methylene chloride（DCM）and N, N-dimethyl-acetamide（DMAC） as the solvents was 5：1-6：1, the weight ratio of PEI and PVP was in the range 1：1-1：5, the voltage was fixed at 12 kv, and the flow rate of the solutions was fixed at 1mL/h. FTIR spectra clearly verified that the main interactions such as hy- drogen bonding and electrostatic forces between PEI and PVP played a fundamental role in the forming of the nanofibers. DSC results suggested that the fibers could maintain the excellent thermal characteristic of PEI.