华东丘陵林地黏菌的物种多样性

Myxomycete diversity in hilly forests of East China

为了探讨黏菌在华东丘陵地带森林中的生态作用,本文选择安徽滁州皇甫山和江苏南京紫金山两个国家森林公园作为华东地区丘陵林地的代表,分别设置针叶林和阔叶林样地各3个,调查研究了其中的黏菌物种多样性。共获得5目10科21属58种黏菌,其中从皇甫山获得5目9科17属41种黏菌,点状无丝菌(Licea punctiformis)、细筛菌(Cribraria tenella)和盖碗菌(Perichaena corticalis)等27种为安徽省首次发现;从紫金山获得5目10科20属51种黏菌,粗柄无丝菌(Licea pedicellata)、密筛菌(Cribraria intricata)和纹丝菌(Calomyxa metallica)等35种为江苏省首次发现。碎皮菌(Clastoderma debaryanum)和灰团网菌(Arcyria cinerea)是两地共有的相对多度最高的物种,相对多度分别为32.72%、30.59%和21.27%、26.30%。无丝菌目和发网菌目更多地在针叶林中发生,而团毛菌目和绒泡菌目更多地在阔叶林中发生,且阔叶林中黏菌的物种数量和多样性指数都高于针叶林。两地阔叶林之间黏菌物种组成的相似性为68.57%,针叶林之间的相似性为59.57%,均高于两地阔叶林和针叶林之间的相似性,表明林型对黏菌物种组成的影响大于距离的影响。

We explored myxomycete species diversity in woodlands on Huangfu Mountain in Chuzhou of Anhui Province, Zijin Mountain in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province, representing the hilly forest ecosystems of East China. Three sample plots of coniferous forest and broad-leaved forests were examined on each moun- tain. The results showed that a total of 58 myxomycete species belonging to 21 genera of 10 families in 5 or- ders were found. 41 species belonging to 17 genera of 9 families in 5 orders present on Huangfu Mountain, 27 species including Licea punctiformis, Cribraria tenella and Perichaena corticalis were newly recorded species for Anhui, and 51 species belonging to 20 genera of 10 families in 5 orders occurred on Zijin Moun- tain, 35 species including Licea pedicellata, Cribraria intricata and Calomyxa metallica were newly re- corded species for Jiangsu. The species Clastoderma debaryanum and Arcyria cinerea were the most com- mon species on both mountains with relative abundances of 32.72% vs. 30.59% and 21.27% vs. 26.30%, re- spectively. It was also evident that Liceales and Stemonitales were more frequent in coniferous forests, while Trichiales and Physarales were more frequent in broad-leaved forests. Both species diversity index and num- bers of species of myxomycetes were more higher in broad-leaved forests than in coniferous forests. Inter- estingly, the similarity of myxomycete species compositions between the two mountains was 68.57% for broad-leaved forests and 59.57% for coniferous forests and both of these values were higher than those based on comparisons between broad-leaved and coniferous forests within each mountain system. Thus, forest type has a greater effect on species composition of myxomycetes than distance between mountains.