红枣直播建园不同树形产量与品质调查研究

Investigation on Yield and Quality of Jujube in Different Tree Shapes in Direct Seeding and Orchard Construction

以农十四师224团直播建园的骏枣为试材,采用圆柱形、小冠疏层形永久株、小冠疏层形永久行、三主枝中干形4种树形方式,研究了不同树形对枣树结构发育、果实产量构成和品质的影响。结果表明:4种树形树冠大小差异大,小冠疏层形树冠最大;不同树形的单株枣股数、枣吊数、每个枣吊枣数、单果重有所差别,是构成产量的主要因素,树冠100～150cm产量明显高于50～100cm,单株产量依次为小冠疏层形永久株>小冠疏层形永久行植株>三主枝中干形>圆柱形;4种树形果实性状特征与层次有关,有随果实着生部位升高而增加的趋势,与果实着生方向无明显关系;不同树形、不同层次果实营养品质有所差异,果实含糖量、可溶性固形物含量随果实着生部位的升高而增加,有机酸含量呈下降趋势;维生素C含量小冠疏层形下层果实的较高,而圆柱形和三主枝中干形上层果实的较高;果实营养品质以圆柱形树形的较高,小冠疏层形永久行植株较低。树冠北向果实营养品质较低。

Taking the jujube which was direct seeding and orchard construction in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 14 group 224 company as materials,the four tree shapes were cylindrical shape, small canopy permanent line,small canopy permanent tree and middle trunk shape with three main branches were adopted, the relationship with four tree shapes,structural development,the fruit yield components and quality within four tree shapes were studied. The results showed that crown difference of 4 tree shapes was big, the maximum crown was small canopy shape. The main target yields were mother branch per plant, fruiting branch, No. of jujubes of fruiting branches, single fruit weight. Yield of 100~ 150 cm crown was significantly higher than that of 50~ 100 cm, yield per plant followed by small canopy permanent tree,small canopy permanent line, middle trunk shape with three main branches^cylindrical shape. Characteristics of fruit in 4 kinds of tree shape was related to layers,and increased with the fruit growth site,and no significant relationship with fruit growth orientation. The nutritional quality of different shapes and different layers had different fruit quality. Fruit sugar content,soluble solids content increased,organic acid decreased with fruit growth site increased. Fruit VC content of small crown shape was lower levels and that of cylindrical shape was high levels,and middle trunk shape with three main branches was higher. The nutritional quality of fruit in cylindrical shape was high;quality of fruit in tree of small canopy permanent line was low. The fruit nutritional quality of north crown was low.