“玉金香”甜瓜采后主要病害病原菌生物学特性研究

Biological Characteristic of the Main Postharvest Diseases Pathogen of Melon Cultivar ‘ Yujinxiang ’

对宁夏中部干旱带甜瓜"玉金香"采后主要病害的病原菌进行了生物学特性研究,探讨不同温度、pH、光照等条件对病原菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的影响,以期掌握甜瓜采后主要病原菌的生物学特性,为甜瓜采后主要病害的防治提供理论依据。结果表明:粉红聚端孢霉菌(Trichothecium roseum)在10～35℃菌丝都能生长,孢子均能萌发。镰刀孢霉菌(Fusariumspp.)和链格孢霉菌(Alternaria alternata)在5～35℃菌丝都能生长,孢子均能萌发,最适生长温度和孢子萌发温度为25℃,其中在最适温度镰刀孢霉菌生长和孢子萌发的速度显著高于其它2种致病菌;粉红聚端孢霉在pH 4～10范围内都能生长,孢子萌发的适宜pH 4～8,最适pH为6,镰刀孢霉菌和链格孢霉菌在pH 3～10较宽的范围内均可生长,孢子萌发pH 2～10,最适宜生长的pH为7。光照条件对3种致病菌菌丝的扩展和孢子的萌发影响不明显。

The biological characteristics of the main pathogen causing the postharvest diseases of melon cultivar ＇Yujinxiang＇ （honeydew type） in Ningxia province semi arid climate area were studied. The effects of temperature,pH, illumination on the mycelium growth and the germination of conidiophores of the pathogen were explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the melon postharvest diseases. The results indicated that the temperature range was 10-35℃ for the mycelia growth and conidiophores of Trichothecium roseum, for the Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternate ,it was 10-35℃. The optimal temperature was 25℃. For Trichotheciurn roseum ,the range of pH was 4-10 for mycelia growth,4--8 for conidiophores germination,while optimal pH was 6. For Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternate,it was 3- 10 for mycelia growth, 2- 10 for conidiophores germination. The optimal pH was 7 for mycelium growth and the germination of conidiophores. Light hardly affected the growth of these fungi mycelia growth and conidiophores germination.