叉车用轻型高速柴油机的开发

Development of High-Speed Light Diesel Engine for Forklift

为满足2～3t内燃叉车配套需要对原车用平台4DW进行结构、性能、可靠性的适用开发,进而普遍满足非道路移动机械配套需要。开发在满足按起升工况和牵引特性确定的发动机功率前提下,采用较大排气量和较低标定转速定义发动机的技术指标;对前端齿轮室总成、轮系进行适应液压泵布置的更改设计,对整机进行可选集成机油泵和二阶平衡轴的下置框架总成布置设计;进行适应新定义的内燃叉车用轻型高速柴油机性能技术指标的供油系统、进气系统和燃烧系统的重新定义。通过发动机台架试验和整车运行考核,开发的柴油机较低配置的自然吸气机型达到了GB 20891—2007《非道路移动机械用柴油机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段)》的中国Ⅱ阶段排放限值,加权油耗仅为249.3g/(kW.h);发动机的新结构改善了内燃叉车用轻型高速柴油机的工作条件,提高了其可靠性及使用寿命,在一台次400h台架耐久试验和二台次1 000h整车运行试验的整个试验过程中性能稳定,运行良好,表明内燃叉车用轻型高速柴油机的开发是成功的。

Structure, performance and reliability based on the original 4DW vehicular powerplant platform were improved to meet the demand of 2 - 3 t IC engine forklift and even similar general non-road mobile machinery. On the premise of satisfying engine power in hoisting condition and of traction characteristics, larger piston displacement and lower speed were selected to realize engine technical indicators; gear housing and gear train were modified to contain the hydraulic pump; optional oil pump assembly and double-shaft balance system supported by a lower frame were employed, and fuel system,intake system and combustion system were redesigned to adapt technical parameters of new forklift engine. Bench test and whole vehicle test demonstrate the newly developed natural aspirated diesel engine meets the emission standards（China II） GB 20891-2007 Limits and Measurement Methods for Exhaust Pollutants from Diesel Engines of Non-Road Mobile Machinery, weighted specific fuel consumption is only 249.3 g/（kW· h）. These newly developed structures improve engine working conditions, also increase reliability and service life. The engine behaves well in 400 h bench endurance test of one engine and 1 000 h whole vehicle test of two engines, showing that this development is successful.