《资本论》论中国

Contents about China in Das Kapital

《资本论》的基本内容是论资本。它以当时最发达的资本主义国家—英国为背景,深刻揭示了包含在资本生产过程、流通过程和资本主义生产总过程中的剩余价值规律,从而阐明了资本主义随着内在矛盾的激化而必然灭亡的历史走向。但作为分析资本主义经济关系的参照物和例证,对当时仍处于半殖民地半封建社会发展阶段的世界大国—中国也论及33处之多。主要有五个方面:(1)小农业与家庭手工业相结合,稳固了中国传统的生产方式;(2)鸦片战争打开了进入中国的门户,中国成了资本主义国家商品销售市场;(3)西方国家为了垄断市场在中国实施委托销售制度;(4)中国的小商品经济也加入到资本的循环和周转中;(5)外国银行在中国汇票买卖中相互斗争。可见,中国经济社会发展的状况,决没有置于马克思《资本论》创作的视野之外,中国和《资本论》决不是无缘的。所以,学习和研究《资本论》还须关注中国的社会历史以及马克思对中国问题的论述。

Das Kapital is mainly about capital. Taking the UK, the most developed capitalist country at that time as its background, Das Kapital profoundly reveals the law of surplus value behind the production pro-cess of capital, the circulation and turn-over of capital and the total process of capitalist production, clarifying the historical trend that with its intensifying inherent contradictions, capitalism is doomed to fail. However, as the point of reference and an example in the analysis of capitalist economic relations, China, one of the world's major powers which was still at the development stage of semi-feudal soci-ety, has been discussed in as many as 33 places of the book. These discussions mainly include five as-pects: (1) the combination of small-scale agriculture and cottage industry enhanced the traditional Chinese mode of production; (2) China became capitalist countries' outlet of goods since the gateway to China was opened in the Opium War; (3) in order to monopolize the market, western countries implemented the consigned sale system in China; (4) China's small commodity economy also involved in the circulation and turn-over of capital; (5) Foreign banks competed with each other in the trading of drafts in China. Consequently, the economic and social development of China is by no means out of Marx's perspective when he wrote Das Kapital. Das Kapital and China can never be irrelevant. Therefore, in the study and research of the book, it is necessary to pay attention to China's social his-tory and Marx's discussions on Chinese issues.