公共健康与美国对特殊商品流通的管控——以烟酒流通为例

Public Health and the Control of Special Commodities Distribution in the United States——Take the Distribution of Tobacco and Alcohol as the Example

美国以维护公共健康为目的,立法调控烟酒等特殊商品的流通。其管控是全方位的,限制烟酒流通所涉对象,限制其广告和标识,限制其流通的时间、地点和方式,提高烟酒税收,披露和公示烟酒成分,加强执照管理,建立跟踪记录。目前中国在控制烟酒流通方面不容乐观,需要借鉴美国的相关立法和制度,保护人民的生命健康。

To protect public health, the U.S. government tries to control the distribution of tobacco and alcohol by legislation. Theses acts and regulations prohibit tobacco and alcohol distribution to minors and those operating automobiles, regulate advertising and labels, limit the time and location of legal distribution, impose higher tax rates, force disclosure of ingredients, issue and check licenses, and build trace records. Today, it is not optimistic in the control of tobacco and alcohol distribution in China. In order to protect Chinese public health, the Chinese government must draw on the experiences and precedents set by U.S. legislation in the control of special commodities.