后民族欧洲的认同与民主——哈贝马斯的观点述评

The Identity and Democracy of Postnational Europe——A Review of Jürgen Habermas's Viewpoints

针对欧洲民族国家的多元性,哈贝马斯极力主张欧洲政治一体化,实现欧盟的"多元一体"。"多元一体"的基础不可能是狭隘的民族主义,而只能是具有包容或普适性的"宪法爱国主义"和民主。哈贝马斯在交往理性的基础上,构建了一个法律-集体认同-民主的模式,这个模式是一个可以相互利用的循环系统。即只有通过民主程序,制定出的法律才具有合法性;集体认同的基础是法律和民主,它们又塑造了集体认同;而只有在法律构建的制度和公民认同的共同体中民主才是可行的。

Jtirgen Habermas who considered the diversity of European nation-states advocates strongly the political integration of Europe and the unified diversity of European Union. It is impossible to construct the unified diversity of Europe on a basis of narrow nationalism but of inclusive and universal Constitution Patriotism and democracy. Habermas designed a mutual-supporting circulation system of law-collective identity-democracy in which the law confirms the validity of the legislation from democratic process, and as the foundation of identity, the law and democracy can create a collective identity, moreover, the democracy could be effective in the institution of law and the community basing on civil identity.