加拿大银无须鳕渔业管理制度研究

Study on the flshery management regimes of silver hake in Canada

我国东海带鱼与加拿大银无须鳕具有较为相似的生物学特性,针对加拿大银无须鳕的渔业管理经验对完善我国的渔业管理制度具有十分重要的参考价值。自70年代起,加拿大政府开始对银无须鳕资源进行管理。虽然90年代大西洋的其他底层鱼群已经衰退,但银无须鳕资源的生物量却变动不大。对银无须鳕补充率与可能影响其变动的环境因素的相关性分析表明,环境因素的变化对银无须鳕补充率的决定作用不是非常强。加拿大政府在1994年后所实施的多种措施相结合的管理方法、基于生态系统的渔业管理方式和观察员监控反馈制度对银无须鳕资源的养护是有效的,在生态管理区划、渔业兼捕控制、监控体系完善和适用预防原则等方面对我国的渔业管理具有借鉴意义。

There are similar biological characteristics between hairtail in East China Sea and silver hake in Canada, lessons learned from managing the resources of silver hake in Canada could be used as a reference for advancing China＇s fishery management regimes. Canada government has managed the resources of silver hake since 1970s＇. Although other ground fish stocks in Atlantic have been collapsed, silver hake＇s biomass keeps steady. The relevance analysis between environmental factors and the recruitment rates of silver hake shows that variation of environmental factors contributes little to recruitment rates of silver hake. Canadian government works well for the conservation of silver hake resources by taking many kinds of actions, implementing ecosystem based fishery management and adopting observer regimes for surveillance and feedback. Chinese fishery management is suggested to borrow the following measures from Canada： coo-region delimitation, by-catch controls, advancement of monitor systems and the application of precautionary principle.