美国产业政策立法及对中国的三启示

Legislative Evolution of U.S Industrial Policy and Its Enlightenment to China

美国几乎从未在官方文件里出现过产业政策,而且长期以来对产业政策持抵制态度。但它不意味着美国没有产业政策,美国存在"事实上产业政策",强化科学和技术政策或产业技术政策,培养创新,重视技术转让、推广和技术成果的商业化和工业化等等。研究美国产业政策立法,根据中国的政治、经济、文化等背景因素,适当借鉴美国的做法,对推进中国产业结构调整和优化升级,带动整个经济发展,增强企业的国际竞争力大有益处。

The United States as the most fully developed market economy countries, By con- trast with Japan and European countries which have a clear expression of national industrial poli- cy, the United States has almost never industrial policy in the official document, and has long re- sisted on industrial policy. But it does not mean that the U. S. has not industrial policy or indus- trial policy measures. The United States exists in ＂factual industrial policies＂ which strengthen science and technology policy, or industrial technology policies; foster innovation, focus on tech- nology transfer, promote technological commercialization and industrialization, etc... Studying on U.S. industrial policy legislation, China should suitably draw lessons from American experi- ence, promote industrial restructuring and upgrading, and enhance their international competi- tiveness. In particular, facing 2008 global financial crisis, research on U. S industrial policy has some practical significance to Chinese industrial policy