中国对外关系的国内管理和内外统筹--国内因素与中国对外政策

Domestic Administration and Intermestic Coordination of Chinese Foreign Relations:Domestic Factors and Chinese Foreign Policy

全球化的发展使内政和外交的互动更加广泛和深入,对外政策成为国内政治的一部分,国内政治成为影响对外政策的重要因素。中国外交决策者在处理对外关系时,强调统筹内外两个大局。作者探讨了中国普通公众、经济行为体、军贸公司、知识界等四个因素对中国对外政策的影响和外交决策部门的应对策略。国内社会因素参与对外关系为中国政府提供了有效的外交工具,但社会因素自身的特点也掣肘中国对外政策,具有"双刃剑"和"设置议程"的功能。外交决策部门在统筹内外大局方面,或是"双层博弈",或强调对外关系的国内管理和协调。全球化背景下社会的变迁增加了中国对外政策的复杂性,改变了外交部门的传统职能,赋予中国对外关系与大多数国家更多类似的特点。这种状况需要将对外政策分析理论建设与中国对外政策研究结合起来,为中国对外政策研究提供思路,为理论建设贡献中国经验;在实践上要求政府管理对外关系时超越传统主权观念,重视外国社会力量,积极开展公共外交。

Globalization has enhanced both the scope and depth of the interaction be-tween domestic politics and foreign policy,making foreign policy an integral part of domestic politics.Domestic politics becomes a shaping factor in foreign policy.By tracing four cases in Chinese foreign affairs,the author explores the role of general masses,economic enterprises,military enterprises,and intellectuals in Chinese foreign policy and the respective strategies that the diplomatic authorities employ in managing foreign affairs issues that involve these factors.As important diplomatic assets and hindrance in Chinese foreign policy,the very attributes of domestic factors have proved to be 'a double edged-sword' and help set foreign policy agenda.In coordinating domestic and international situations,the Chinese government either plays 'two level-games' or has to go out of its way to manage and addresses the domestic aspects of foreign affairs.Complicated by these social changes,the function of Chinese Foreign Ministry is undergoing changes,rendering Chinese foreign policy more similar with many Western countries.Such development calls for the integration of Western foreign policy analysis theories and Chinese foreign policy studies.The former provides road maps for Chinese foreign policy studies,and such integration helps contribute to Chinese experiences in developing more general FPA theories.The policy implications demand that the government should go beyond the traditional notion of sovereignty,set store by social forces,and more actively engage in public diplomacy in foreign affairs.